Temper passing applies compressive force to steel, elongating it about 1.5-2% before leveling.
This eliminates residual coil memory, enhancing subsequent cutting operations.
Leveling consists of alternately flexing steel up and down between multiple sets of rolls, removing buckles and/or edge waves and flattening the steel prior to cutting to length.
Cutting utilizes specially designed rotary shears for precise length control at production speeds.
Taken together, these processes result in flat steels with minimal "memory" of previous flatness deviations, improved thickness control, and excellent surface, particularly as compared to discrete plate.